Japanese swords, known as nihonto, represent a rich tradition of craftsmanship, culture, and martial skill that has developed over centuries. These swords are not just weapons but symbols of honor, prestige, and artistic mastery. In this glossary, we will explore the key elements of Japanese swords, from the iconic katana to the intricate details of their construction and design. Dive into the fascinating world of nihonto and discover the beauty and meaning behind these masterpieces of metallurgy and forging.

Nihonto: This Japanese term refers to traditional Japanese swords, known for their meticulous craftsmanship and cultural and historical significance.

Katana: One of the most iconic and recognizable Japanese swords. Characterized by its long, curved blade, typically used by samurai as their primary weapon. The katana is a symbol of honor and prestige in Japanese culture.

Tsuba: Also known as a guard, the tsuba is the metal disk or plate found between the handle and the blade of the sword. Its primary function is to protect the wielder’s hand during combat, as well as serving as a decorative element.

Tsuka: The tsuka is the handle of the sword, providing grip to the user. It may be wrapped in leather or silk for added comfort and durability.

Saya: The saya is the sheath of the sword, usually made of wood and lacquered to protect the blade when not in use. In addition to its protective function, the saya can also be adorned with decorative designs.

Hamon: This is the wavy line visible along the blade of the sword, resulting from the differential tempering process of the steel. The hamon is not only aesthetically pleasing but can also indicate the quality and skill of the smith.

Habaki: The habaki is a metal collar that secures the blade in the saya and prevents wear on the saya. It also helps to keep the sword in place when sheathed.

Bo-Hi: Also known as a blood groove, the bo-hi is a groove or channel found in the blade of the sword. This feature not only reduces the weight of the sword but also produces a distinctive whistle when drawing the sword from the saya.

Hada: Hada refers to the visible pattern on the blade of the sword, resulting from the crystalline structure of the steel during the forging process. These patterns can be simple or complex and are considered a form of art in themselves.

Shinogi: The shinogi is the central line running along the width of the sword blade, separating the flat part from the edge. This feature helps to strengthen the blade and provides rigidity during combat.

Kissaki: The kissaki is the point of the sword blade, typically sharpened for precise strikes. The shape and design of the kissaki can vary depending on the style of the sword and the preferences of the smith.

Mekugi: The mekugi is a bamboo or metal pin that secures the handle to the rest of the sword. It is crucial for keeping all parts of the sword securely together.

Nakago: The nakago is the tang of the blade, extending into the handle of the sword and secured by the mekugi. It is an important part of the sword’s structure, providing stability and strength.

Tanto: The tanto is a Japanese sword with a short blade, primarily used as a secondary weapon or for ceremonial purposes. It is often carried alongside the katana as part of the daisho, the traditional pair of swords worn by samurai.

Wakizashi: The wakizashi is a Japanese sword shorter than the katana, traditionally paired with it in the daisho. Although shorter, the wakizashi is equally important and is used in a variety of situations, including close combat and ceremonial rituals.

Tachi: The tachi is a type of Japanese sword that predates the katana. It is worn with the edge down and was primarily used by cavalry on the battlefield.

Uchigatana: The uchigatana is another variety of Japanese sword that predates the katana. Unlike the tachi, it is worn with the edge up and was more commonly used by foot soldiers.